Alt Idiomas

Incoterms 

´International Commerce Terms’

International agreements

International and formal agreements between two or more nations. 

private international law
(conflict of laws)

Rules the choice of law to be followed when there are conflicts in national domestic laws linked to private transactions between countries

Regional trade agreements 

Treaty between two or more governments that define the rules of trade.

Social norm theory of law

The behavior is shaped by perceptions of behavioral norms.

The International Court of Justice

The Court’s role is to settle, in accordance with international law, legal disputes submitted to it by States and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized United Nations organs and specialized agencies. The Court decides disputes between countries, based on the voluntary participation of the States concerned. If a State agrees to participate in a proceeding, it is obligated to comply with the Court’s decision.

legal positivism

a thesis which affirms that existence and content of law depends on social facts and not on its merits

legal naturalism 
source of law 

Based on human nature, not on culture or customs. 

International law 

It’s the set of rules, norms, and standards generally recognized as binding between states. Establishing guidelines in areas such as war, diplomacy, economic relations, and human rights. 

resolutions of international organizations

Declarations adopted at the conclusion of intergovernmental conferences led by the United Nations.

decisions of international tribunals

assortment of decisions of international courts.

International Finance Institution

Financial institution established by more than one country. Therefore it is subject to international law.

state practice

practices applied by a state’s sense of an obligation with the law.

acquiescence

to accept something without wanting to

equity

what is fair and reasonable in the administration of justice

Consumer Defense Code

Law that protects and regulates the consumer when buying products and services

Devices 

An instrument or other similar

Scenario

A picture that is painted verbally to describe events based on suppositions.

Consumer rights 

Consumer protection and rights for goods and services.

Consumer movement 

A way to promote consumer protection through a movement.

Product liability

A specific area of specialty in law that deals with a company’s responsibility when a customer is harmed by a product

Bait and switch

When a customer is attracted by the marketing of a low-priced item but is encouraged to buy a higher-priced one.

Boycott

When people refuse to buy a product to express strong disapproval

attorney

lawyer

barrister 

lawyer that gives legal advice and argues a case in higher and lower courts

brief 

a written argument brought to the court

case

a process between opposing parties 

court of law

a place where trials happen.

defendant 

a person accused of having done something against the law

evidence

proofs that help to show something has truly happened or not.

guilty

responsible for breaking a law

judge

a person who is in charge of a trial in a court.

jury

a group of people who have been chosen to listen to all the facts in a trial in a law court and to decide if a person is guilty or not.

lawsuit

a problem taken to a law court by an ordinary person or an organization rather than the police in order to obtain a legal decision. 

Amendment 

an alteration made to a constitution, statute, or legislative bill or resolution

Environmental law

a collective term that provides protection to the environment. 

Environmental regulation

any federal, state or local law relating to dangerous, toxic pollutants

Jurisdiction

Power of a court to judge cases and issue orders. 

Parliament

any legislative or deliberative assembly, conference

Policy instruments

Techniques used by the authorities to promote certain policies to achieve a predefined set of goals

Command and control laws (or regulation)

Sets specific limits for pollution emissions and/or mandates that specific pollution-control technologies that must be used

Economic instruments

fiscal and other economic incentives and disincentives to incorporate environmental costs and benefits into the budgets of households and enterprises

Government funding

Financial assistance that a contractor receives from a combination of government sources

Self-regulation

You or your employees act according to the rules rather than having this done by other people

Voluntary measures

A measure or strategy that is not enforceable against an individual source. 

Separation of powers

Principal institutions of state— executive, legislature and judiciary—should be clearly divided in order to safeguard citizens’ liberties and guard against tyranny.

Statute

a law enacted by a legislature.

Agreement to Participate

an agreement between the Issuer and a Selling Institution in relation to the purchase by the Issuer of a Participation

Alternative Dispute Resolution

any means of settling disputes outside of the courtroom

Amicus curiae (“friend of the court”)

a person or entity who appears in court in relation to a matter to assist the court without being a party to the proceeding

Assault

any intentional and unwanted physical force used against a victim

Assumption of Risk

A doctrine that a person may in advance relieve another person of the obligation to act towards him or her with due care and may accept the chance of being injured

Battery

Unlawful application of force directly or indirectly upon another person or their personal belongings, causing bodily injury or offensive contact

Breach of Contract

an act of breaking the terms set out in a contract.

Brief

written argument submitted to the court

Causation

relationship of cause and effect between one event or action and the result

Cause of action

a fact or facts that enable a person to bring an action against another.

Collective Bargaining Agreement

a written legal contract between an employer and a union representing the employees.

Common Law

someone who is not officially a wife or husband but is considered to be one because she or he has been living with their partner for a long time

Consideration

a particular subject or fact that needs to be thought about when judging something

Deposition

a formal written statement made or used in a law court

Due Process

a citizen’s fair treatment within the rules of a government’s legal system